AFIA
ACTA Informatique |
Du
côté du web et de l'informatique agricole 13 - 2007 (10 ème
année)
Paris, 2 avril 2007 - Complément |
Petit
complément pour que vous pensiez (notamment) à vous
inscrire au colloque du 15 mai
Pensée du jour
L'important dans la communication ce n'est pas ce que l'on dit,
c'est ce que l'autre comprend - Roman JACOBSON
Contact : Jérôme CHARGELÈGUE
Mél : jerome.chargelegue(a)lusignan.inra.fr
Thought of the day
People like to imagine that because all our mechanical equipment
moves so much faster, that we are thinking faster, too - Christopher
Morley, writer (1890-1957)
Les
nouveaux outils du web agricole
Colloque
- Paris
15 mai 2007
|
Le
web agricole nouveau est arrivé :
blog, RSS, wiki, podcast, vidéo, web télé,
web conférence…
Voir : http://www.acta-informatique.fr?d=6752
Contact : Guy WAKSMAN
Mél : waksman(a)acta-informatique.fr
|
Le web agricole nouveau est arrivé : blog,
RSS, wiki, podcast, vidéo, web télé, web conférence…
48ème Colloque AgriMMédia
Paris - MNE - Mardi 15 mai 2007 - de 14 h à 18 h
Voir
: http://www.acta-informatique.fr?d=6752
Contact : Guy WAKSMAN
Mél : waksman(a)acta-informatique.fr
Terre-net Web TV - Des vidéos en direct des salons (Suite - 1 à
l'avis de recherche de la gazette du 29 mars)
Vous connaissiez les salons à suivre en direct sur Terre-net,
Web-agri et Viti-net. Avec présentation des nouveautés, informations
en direct, palmarès des concours, témoignages de visiteurs... : des
articles à lire comme si vous y étiez. C'est une habitude bien ancrée.
Terre-net média vous propose désormais encore plus de direct, avec
de la vidéo accessible à tous ! Après les premiers web-reportages
vidéos au Sima (en direct sur Terre-net), vous avez pu suivre Eurogénétique
en images le week-end dernier en direct sur Web-agri.
> Retrouvez les vidéos d'Eurogénétique...
Voir : http://www.web-agri.fr/dossier_special/default.asp?idDoss=64&idrub=1337&id=38912
> Et retrouvez les vidéos du Sima... qui totalisent déjà plus
de 20.000 chargements !
Voir : http://www.terre-net.fr/dossier_special/sima-2007/default.asp?idDoss=62&idrub=1328&id=38347
Vidéos mises en lignes entre autres par Agriss sur Google Videos
(Suite - 2 à l'avis de recherche de la gazette du 29 mars)
Voir par exemple : http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-4950042981480342917&sourceid=searchfeed
On peut aussi trouver plusieurs reportages sur le SIMA et le salon
de l'Agriculture sur dailymotion, youtube, et google video.
Contact : Guillaume CHARDONNEAU
Mél : guillaume.chardonneau(a)acuma.fr
Reprise des émissions "expression directe" de la FNSEA
(Suite - 3 à l'avis de recherche de la gazette du 29 mars)
Voir : http://www.elections.fnsea.fr/sites/elections/en_images/
Contact : Alain WITTMER
Mél : alain.wittmer(a)fnsea.fr
TRACTOGUIDE
2007
l'indispensable outil des professionnels du machinisme !
|
Cet
ouvrage, structuré en six parties, présente 332
tracteurs de 2 à 4 roues motrices, 81 moissonneuses-batteuses
avec équipement céréales à paille
et maïs, 79 tracteurs spécialisés et 29 machines
à vendanger, 22 ensileuses automotrices et 80 chargeurs
télescopiques disponibles actuellement en France.
Ces 623 fiches décrivent en détail l'ensemble
des caractéristiques techniques des tracteurs standards
et spécialisés, des moissonneuses-batteuses, ensileuses
automotrices, chargeurs télescopiques et machine à
vendanger. Les prix et date de tarif sont donnés à
titre indicatif.
Le Tractoguide fournit au lecteur le barème d'entraide
prévisionnel 2007, les adresses utiles du secteur et
un index complet des modèles présentés.
Ce document unique répond aux besoins non seulement des
agriculteurs et producteurs spécialisés mais aussi
des techniciens, des conseillers machinisme, des CUMA ou des
entrepreneurs de travaux.
TRACTOGUIDE - Edition ACTA, mars 2007, 632 pages, Format 15
x 21 cm.
43 euros TTC
Participation aux frais d'envoi : 7 euros pour un ex.
ISBN : 2-85794-237-0
Réf : B 314
Pour se procurer ce document, s'adresser à
ACTA
BP 90006
59718 LILLE Cedex 9 |
Incognito
Le curé est à l'entrée, souhaitant bonjour à tous ses fidèles. Il
attrape l'homme par la manche et lui dit :
- C'est bien de rejoindre l'armée du Seigneur !
- Mais je fais déjà partie de l'armée du Seigneur, mon père.
- Alors comment se fait-il que je ne t'ai jamais vu ici avant ce matin
?
L'homme se penche vers le curé et lui chuchote :
- C'est parce que je suis dans les services secrets !
Tout sur les firewall
Watchguard
|
Voir
: http://www.acta-informatique.fr?d=6544
Contact : Jean-Paul ARCHIER
(Cisco Certified Network Professional) et WSCP (Watchguard Security
Certified Professional)
ACTA Informatique dispose de la certification Watchguard Professional
Partner
Mél : jpa(a)acta-informatique.fr |
OGM - lettre ouverte d'un chercheur laïc et républicain à un Maire
qui a oublié de l'être… (Suite à la gazette du 29 mars 2007)
Après lecture du livre de Mr Kuntz on se rend compte, si on ne
le savait pas déjà, que les moyens alloués à la mise en évidence des
bénéfices de la technologie OGM Bt sont incomparablement plus importants
que ceux qui permettent de financer des études pour en évaluer les
risques. S'agissant des bénéfices des OGM Bt, il y a pléthore d'informations,
de publications... S'agissant des risques, de quelle matière scientifique
d'origine complètement indépendante dispose le citoyen ?
Vous parlez de propositions constructives alors même que la transpositions
de la directive va s'imposer aux maires sans aucun débat démocratique.
J'en viens ensuite à la consultation citoyenne sur internet à propos
des 14 essais, dont (si ma mémoire est bonne), 6 ou 8 sur de la technologie
Bt et d'autres essais à vocation médicale et une résistance à la sécheresse.
Pour ma part j'ai répondu favorablement à tous sauf à ceux concernant
la technologie OGM Bt
On a le sentiment, que ces essais et ces consultations sont organisés
de manière à inciter les opposants au maïs Bt à rejeter tout en bloc
et ainsi à les assimiler à des obscurantistes.
Contact : D. LEFEBVRE
Mél : d.lefebvre(a)est-agricole.com
Et la réponse de M. KUNTZ
Je ne polémiquerai pas avec M. David Lefebvre, mais sur l'intéressante
question des évaluations des risques et des bénéfices, voici ci-après
une petite compilation (sans valeur statistique, sans prétendre à
l'exhaustivité), sur les 4 derniers mois, de publications sur les
plantes Bt.
Les 2 premières concernent les bénéfices. L'une (ou les 2?) proviennent
de la recherche privée. Les 6 suivantes correspondent à une
évaluation des risques (toutes ici sont de la recherche publique,
me semble-t-il, mais le prive a aussi contribué à ces
évaluations par ailleurs, ce qui n'est pas anormal).
Il s'agit d'une simple illustration pour aider au débat. Il me semble
souhaitable que celui-ci intègre les données scientifiques existantes.
Contact : Marcel KUNTZ
Mél : marcel.kuntz(a)ujf-grenoble.fr
1. Characterization of Soybean Exhibiting High Expression of a Synthetic
Bacillus thuringiensis cry1A Transgene That Confers a High Degree
of Resistance to Lepidopteran Pests
John A. Miklosa et al.
Monsanto
We report the generation of transgenic soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]
via Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfers of a cry1A gene (tic107)
from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) that exhibits a high degree of resistance
against the lepidopteran pests Pseudoplusia includens (Walker) (soybean
looper), Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (soybean podworm), and Anticarsia
gemmatalis Hübner (velvetbean caterpillar). Three transgenic soybean
lines (862, 726, and 781) were evaluated for expression, molecular
composition, efficacy against target pests, and agronomic characteristics.
We have designed and tested an expression cassette that consistently
and reproducibly generates transgenic soybeans that accumulate the
tic107 protein at levels as high as 6.12 µg mg–1 of total extractable
protein. Expression levels of this magnitude of a Bt insecticidal
protein have never been reported in soybean. Previous reports have
indicated expression levels 100-fold lower in the highest-expressing
lines. In addition, the phenotypes of these high-expressing lines
were indistinguishable from their negative segregant and the transformation
parent (Asgrow var. ‘A3237’). Insect bioassay data demonstrate complete
protection against soybean looper, soybean podworm, and velvetbean
caterpillar when negative controls exhibited defoliation as high as
98%. Unlike previous reports of transgenic soybeans, we report here
highly efficacious, single-copy, and normal phenotypes of transgenic
soybean plants containing the highly expressed cry1A gene.
2. Resistance to Tecia solanivora (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in three
transgenic Andean varieties of potato expressing Bacillus thuringiensis
crylac protein.
AM Valderrama, et al.
J Econ Entomol, February 1, 2007; 100(1): 172-9.
Unidad de Biotecnología Vegetal UNALMED-CIB, Corporación para Investigaciones
Biológicas, (CIB), Medellin, Antioquia, Colombia.
Transgenic potato, Solanum tuberosum L., plants containing a synthetic
cry1Ac gene coding for the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crystalline
insecticidal protein were produced and evaluated for resistance to
Tecia solanivora Povolny (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), the larvae of
which attack potato tubers. In total, 43 transgenic lines of commercial
Andean potato varieties Diacol Capiro, Pardo Pastusa, and Pandeazúcar
were obtained. These transgenic lines were found to have one to four
copies of cry1Ac per genome and expression levels of Cry1Ac protein
varying from 0.02 to 17 microg/g fresh tuber tissue. Bioassays of
T. solanivora larvae on these transgenic potato tubers showed 83.7-100%
mortality, whereas the mortality levels on nontransgenic lines were
0-2.67%. Our data indicate the capability of Bt transgenic technology
to control the T. solanivora while reducing the use of chemical insecticides.
Further studies under controlled field conditions will be helpful
in exploring the potential of CrylAc potatoes in the insect pest management
strategies.
3. Dramatic reduction of crop-to-crop gene flow within a short distance
from transgenic rice fields.
J Rong, et al. New Phytol, January 1, 2007; 173(2): 346-53.
Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological
Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University,
Handan Road 220, Shanghai 200433, China.
Genetically modified (GM) rice with enhanced agronomic traits and
pharmaceutical uses are ready for widespread adoption. Little is known
about isolation requirements for achieving stringent transgene confinement
in rice. To investigate the extent of pollen-mediated crop-to-crop
transgene flow, we conducted a field experiment with four plot-size
treatments of adjacent GM and nonGM rice (Oryza sativa) in China.
Three insect-resistant GM rice (Bt/CpTI) and nonGM isogenic lines
were used in the study. The hygromycin-resistance transgene (hpt)
marker was used to screen seeds from the nonGM rice rows at different
distance intervals from GM rice plots. Based on the examination of
> 2.1 million germinated seeds, we found a dramatic reduction in
transgene frequencies with increasing distance from the GM crop, ranging
from c. 0.28% at 0.2 m to < 0.01% at 6.2 m. In addition, different
plot size did not significantly affect the frequencies of gene flow.
In conclusion, pollen-mediated crop-to-crop transgene flow in rice
can be maintained at negligible levels with short spatial isolation.
The model can also be applied to other crops with self- and wind-pollination.
4. Mechanism of Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin Cry1Ac
in a Greenhouse Population of the Cabbage Looper, Trichoplusia ni{triangledown}
Ping Wang, et al.
Department of Entomology, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural
Experiment Station, Geneva, New York 14456,1 Department of Genetics,
University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot (Valencia),
Spain,2 Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver,
British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada3
The cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni, is one of only two insect species
that have evolved resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in agricultural
situations. The trait of resistance to B. thuringiensis toxin Cry1Ac
from a greenhouse-evolved resistant population of T. ni was introgressed
into a highly inbred susceptible laboratory strain. The resulting
introgression strain, GLEN-Cry1Ac-BCS, and its nearly isogenic susceptible
strain were subjected to comparative genetic and biochemical studies
to determine the mechanism of resistance. Results showed that midgut
proteases, hemolymph melanization activity, and midgut esterase were
not altered in the GLEN-Cry1Ac-BCS strain. The pattern of cross-resistance
of the GLEN-Cry1Ac-BCS strain to 11 B. thuringiensis Cry toxins showed
a correlation of the resistance with the Cry1Ab/Cry1Ac binding site
in T. ni. This cross-resistance pattern is different from that found
in a previously reported laboratory-selected Cry1Ab-resistant T. ni
strain, evidently indicating that the greenhouse-evolved resistance
involves a mechanism different from the laboratory-selected resistance.
Determination of specific binding of B. thuringiensis toxins Cry1Ab
and Cry1Ac to the midgut brush border membranes confirmed the loss
of midgut binding to Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac in the resistant larvae. The
loss of midgut binding to Cry1Ab/Cry1Ac is inherited as a recessive
trait, which is consistent with the recessive inheritance of Cry1Ab/Cry1Ac
resistance in this greenhouse-derived T. ni population. Therefore,
it is concluded that the mechanism for the greenhouse-evolved Cry1Ac
resistance in T. ni is an alteration affecting the binding of Cry1Ab
and Cry1Ac to the Cry1Ab/Cry1Ac binding site in the midgut.
5. Composition of arthropod species assemblages in Bt-expressing and
near isogenic eggplants in experimental fields.
S Arpaia, et al.
Environ Entomol, February 1, 2007; 36(1): 213-27.
ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy, and the
Environment, Research Centre Trisaia, S.S. 106 Jonica, km 419.5, I-75026
Rotondella (MT), Italy.
The environmental impact of genetically modified (GM) plants in experimental
fields has been examined in several ways, in particular with respect
to the dynamics of specific nontarget organisms. The approach of sampling
for biodiversity in agroecosystems to compare complex patterns could
also be useful in studying potential disruptions caused by GM crops.
In this study, we set up replicated field plots of Bt-expressing eggplants
and near isogenic untransformed eggplants as a control. We monitored
the presence and abundance of herbivore and predator arthropods in
weekly visual samplings of the plant canopy for three growing seasons
(2001-2003). Insect species were pooled in organismal taxonomic units
(OTUs); three multivariate methods were used to compare species assemblage
as an estimate of insect biodiversity. This multistep statistical
approach proved to be efficient in recognizing association patterns,
as evidenced by the data for the target species Leptinotarsa decemlineata
Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) clearly showing a significant association
with the control plots. All the analyses indicate a comparable species
assemblage between transgenic and near isogenic eggplant areas. Our
results suggest that some taxa may warrant more specific study. For
example, Alticinae beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) were alternatively
more abundant in either of the two treatments, and their overall abundance
was significantly higher on transgenic eggplants. In light of these
results and because of their taxonomic proximity to the target species,
these herbivores may represent an important nontarget group to be
further studied. Moreover, some sap feeders (e.g., Homoptera: Cicadellidae)
were more abundant on Bt-expressing plants in some samples in all
3 yr.
6. Occurrence and persistence of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and transgenic
Bt corn cry1Ab gene from an aquatic environment.
M Douville, et al.
Environment Canada, St. Lawrence Centre, 105 McGill Street, Montréal,
Qué., Canada H2Y 2E7.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf, February 1, 2007; 66(2): 195-203.
Genetically modified corn crops and suspensions of Bacillus thuringiensis
(Bt) are currently used to control pest infestations of insects of
the Lepidoptera family. For this purpose, the cry1Ab gene coding for
protein delta-endotoxin derived from B. thuringiensis kurstaki (Btk),
which is highly toxic to these insects, was inserted and expressed
in corn. The aims of this study were to examine the occurrence and
persistence of the cry1Ab gene from Btk and Bt corn in aquatic environments
near fields where Bt corn was cultivated. First, an optimal DNA preparation
and extraction methodology was developed to allow for quantitative
gene analysis by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in various
environmental matrices. Second, surface water and sediment were spiked
in vitro with genomic DNA from Bt or Bt corn to evaluate the persistence
of cry1Ab genes. Third, soil, sediment, and water samples were collected
before seeding, 2 weeks after pollen release, and after corn harvesting
and mechanical root remixing in soils to assess cry1Ab gene content.
DNA was extracted with sufficient purity (i.e., low absorbance at
230 nm and absence of PCR-inhibiting substances) from soil, sediment,
and surface water. The cry1Ab gene persisted for more than 21 and
40 days in surface water and sediment, respectively. The removal of
bacteria by filtration of surface water samples did not significantly
increase the half-life of the transgene, but the levels were fivefold
more abundant than those in unfiltered water at the end of the exposure
period. In sediments, the cry1Ab gene from Bt corn was still detected
after 40 days in clay- and sand-rich sediments. Field surveys revealed
that the cry1Ab gene from transgenic corn and from naturally occurring
Bt was more abundant in the sediment than in the surface water. The
cry1Ab transgene was detected as far away as the Richelieu and St.
Lawrence rivers (82 km downstream from the corn cultivation plot),
suggesting that there were multiple sources of this gene and/or that
it undergoes transport by the water column. Sediment-associated cry1Ab
gene from Bt corn tended to decrease with distance from the Bt cornfield.
Sediment concentrations of the cry1Ab gene were significantly correlated
with those of the cry1Ab gene in surface water (R=0.83;P=0.04). The
data indicate that DNA from Bt corn and Bt were persistent in aquatic
environments and were detected in rivers draining farming areas.
7. Toxicological evaluation of genetically modified cotton (Bollgard((R)))
and Dipel ((R)) WP on the non-target soil mite Scheloribates praeincisus
(Acari: Oribatida).
AR Oliveira, et al.
Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Agricultural Zoology,
University of Sao Paulo, CP 9, 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil,
Exp Appl Acarol, January 1, 2007; 41(3): 191-201.
Insecticides derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)
and plants genetically modified (GM) to express B. thuringiensis toxins
are important alternatives for insect pest control worldwide. Risk
assessment of B. thuringiensis toxins to non-target organisms has
been extensively studied but few toxicological tests have considered
soil invertebrates. Oribatid mites are one of the most diverse and
abundant arthropod groups in the upper layers of soil and litter in
natural and agricultural systems. These mites are exposed to the toxic
compounds of GM crops or pesticides mainly when they feed on vegetal
products incorporated in the soil. Although some effects of B. thuringiensis
products on Acari have been reported, effects on oribatid mites are
still unknown. This study investigated the effects of the ingestion
of Bt cotton Bollgard((R)) and of the B. thuringiensis commercial
product Dipel((R)) WP on the pantropical species Scheloribates praeincisus
(Scheloribatidae). Ingestion of Bollgard and Dipel did not affect
adult and immature survivorship and food consumption (estimated by
number of fecal pellets produced daily) or developmental time of immature
stages of S. praeincisus. These results indicate the safety of Bollgard
and Dipel to S. praeincisus under field conditions where exposition
is lower and other food sources besides leaves of Bt plants are available.
The method for toxicological tests described here can be adapted to
other species of Oribatida, consisting on a new option to risk assessment
studies.
8. Effects of Cry1Ab-expressing corn anthers on the movement of monarch
butterfly larvae.
PL Prasifka, et al.
Department of Entomology, 13 Insectary Bldg., Iowa State University,
Ames, IA 50011, USA.
Environ Entomol, February 1, 2007; 36(1): 228-33.
Decreased larval feeding and weight of the monarch butterfly, Danaus
plexippus L., have been detected after 4 d of exposure in the laboratory
to a high density of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-expressing anthers.
One hypothesis is that larvae exposed to Bt anthers exhibit increased
wandering, resulting in less feeding and lower weight gain. To test
this hypothesis, 2-d-old monarch butterfly larvae exposed to milkweed
leaf disks with no anthers, anthers that express Bt (Cry1Ab, event
MON810), or other non-Bt anthers were observed using a video-tracking
system. As had been shown in previous studies, larvae exposed to Bt
anthers fed less and gained less weight than larvae exposed to non-Bt
or no anthers, yet there was no evidence of feeding on anthers. Total
distance moved, maximum displacement from release point, percentage
of time spent moving or near anthers, or mean turn angle did not differ
across treatments. However, larvae exposed to Bt anthers spent more
time off milkweed leaf disks than those exposed to no anthers and
were more likely to move off the leaf than larvae exposed to non-Bt
anthers. Results suggest that larvae exposed to Bt anthers behave
differently and that ingestion may not be the only way Bt can affect
nontarget insects like the monarch butterfly.
Déclaration C.N.I.L. numéro 667690
Vous êtes plus de 24 000 à recevoir "Du côté du web et de l'informatique
agricole". La reproduction n'est autorisée que pour votre usage
personnel et les besoins de votre entreprise.
Si vous souhaitez abonner un (e) ami (e), un (e) collègue ou encore
vous désabonner (loi No 78-17 du 6 janvier 1978), et bien sûr contribuer
à la rédaction de cette gazette presque hebdomadaire, merci d'en faire
directement la demande à Guy Waksman.
ACTA Informatique est partenaire France Télécom (Numéris, ADSL et
OLEANE), distributeur des routeurs NETOPIA et CISCO ; des cartes Numéris
BEWAN, des serveurs de fax ZETAFAX, des firewall WATCHGUARD et CISCO.
ACTA Informatique réalise des sites Internet aussi bien que des applications
pour PC sous WINDOWS, et propose un grand nombre de stages de formation. |