Efita Newsletter 1040, dated May 23, 2022

Efita Newsletter 1040, dated May 23, 2022
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Châtenay-Malabry (FR - 92290), May 23, 2022


EFITA newsletter / 1040 - European Federation for Information Technology in Agriculture, Food and the Environment


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Avant l’informatique : Vintage tractors

 


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Heures de Jacques de Langeac - France du nord (Paris), 1465-1468, par Maître François (Lyon, BM)

01 - 19/05/2022  


Annual update of global data on polio

Polio is an infectious disease that is caused and transmitted by the poliovirus. Most infections do not lead to any symptoms, but—among the unvaccinated—between 1 in 50 and 1 in 500 infections result in paralysis. For some it leads to death.

At the start of the 20th century, polio was endemic worldwide, with large epidemic outbreaks every year. But with the development of two vaccines in the 1950s, countries began eliminating polio one by one.

Today, the world is very close to eradicating polio — but there is still work to be done. Several countries recently reported a rise in new polio cases.

We updated our entry on polio to include new charts, updated estimates, and more data on the recent rise of cases. You can also learn much more about polio and humanity’s history of fighting the disease.


COVID-19 update: Where are confirmed COVID deaths rising or falling across the world?

Daily data on confirmed COVID deaths does not necessarily refer to deaths that occurred on that day — but to the deaths reported on that day.

Since reporting can vary significantly from day to day irrespectively of any actual variation in deaths, it is helpful to look at changes from week to week. This provides a slightly clearer picture of where the pandemic is accelerating or slowing down.

The map here shows the percentage change in the number of confirmed deaths in the last seven days relative to the number in the seven days before that.

→ Explore our global vaccination dataset, alongside cases, deaths, hospitalizations, testing, and other metrics by country in our COVID Data Explorer.



The invaders destroyed the National Gene Bank of Plants of Ukraine, The Odessa Journal, 16 May, 2022

One of the world’s largest the National Gene Bank of named after V.Ya. Yuriev National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, located in Kharkiv, was destroyed during the war.

This was announced by the leading researcher of the institute Sergey Avramenko on his YouTube channel.
See odessa-journal.com


Mind the Gap - Can biofuels play a strategic role in reaching EU energy and food security?

15 June 2022 - 15:30 - 17:00 CET - Brussels
Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has highlighted the urgency of reducing the EU’s dependence on fossil fuels and supporting its energy and food independence. This effort will require mobilising an array of domestic resources.

Fit for 55 had already raised the stakes with major revamps of several laws affecting the EU biofuels sector – including the Renewable Energy Directive (RED), CO2 standards for cars, the revamp of the Effort Sharing Regulation and the Emissions Trading System with the possible inclusion of transport, and the Energy Taxation Directive.

Now, with the European Commission’s recent Communications on energy security and food security unveiled as a result of the war in Ukraine, those stakes are even higher.

This event, in the run-up to crucial European Parliament votes on Fit for 55 legislation, will answer key questions confronting the EU as it drives toward carbon neutrality, including: How can the EU scale up renewables in transport in order to meet its emissions-reductions goals? What role will low-carbon liquid fuels play in the transport energy mix? What will be the economic and societal impact of the EU’s climate proposals?

Join this EURACTIV Hybrid Conference to discuss how the EU can maintain its commitment to achieving Fit for 55 climate and energy goals in an uncertain geopolitical situation. And what is the evolving role of low-carbon renewable fuels in achieving EU climate and energy goals and the policy steps required to ensure that Europe can meet its commitments for 2030 and beyond?
See events.euractiv.com


Heures de Jacques de Langeac - France du nord (Paris), 1465-1468, par Maître François (Lyon, BM)

02 - 19/05/2022  


Mother day

Few know the story of Ann Jarvis, the woman who inspired Mother’s Day. Her life, which began in 1832, demonstrates both the difficulty of motherhood in the past and the progress made since.

On the one hand, Ann was a champion of public health. She organized clubs that attempted to reduce infant and child mortality by promoting good sanitation and inspecting food for contamination.

On the other, Ann was a victim of her time, losing nine of her thirteen children to now-preventable illnesses.

See humanprogress.org
 


While Ann Jarvis fared worse than the statistical average, her loss was not unusual for her time.

In 1850, the year Ann wed, the average woman lost two children to premature death.

See cato.org


How did we see the future yesterday??
See the incredible collection developed by Alain Fraval

Archives of our newsletters in French and English
Voir Afia
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FutureFarming.com

> Field Trials podcast – Need a cab? Part ll
“It’s the wild west. We’re on the cusp of something pretty monumental with disruptive change that will come to field crop agriculture. There are a lot of unknowns," says Ian McDonald, crop innovations specialist for the provincial ministry of agriculture in Ontario, Canada. What else does he have to say about autonomous machinery?

> Compact cameras with short delivery times
The new, cost-optimised industrial cameras from IDS Imaging Development Systems excel whereverthe essentials matter. With their small size, the cameras can be easily integrated into a wide variety ofimage processing systems. The models are hardly affected from semiconductor shortage

> Harvesting: Fieldwork Robotics picking robots commercially deployed
The raspberry picking robots developed by Fieldwork Robotics have been deployed commercially in two locations in Portugal. The robots are successfully working autonomously, with its sensor technology and grippers having been completely redesigned to reduce slippage and cut the harvesting time.

> Market trends: Agricultural robots market size to reach USD 99.30 billion in 2030
Increasing Research & Development activities in farm automation and rising global food demand are some key factors said to drive the global agricultural robot market revenue growth.

> Harvesting: Ripe Robotics’ fruit picking robot almost ready for harvesting
Ripe Robotics’ fruit picking robot called Eve edges closer to orchard trials, with development of the fifth version of the robot taking place over the last few months.

> Drip irrigation: Experimenting with drip irrigation in seed potatoes on wide beds
For Dutch seed potato grower Klaas Schenk, the switch to wide-bed cultivation and the use of drip irrigation was mainly a learning experience.

> Struggling with coverage across the entire field?
If you want to make sure you are reaching the right spots, this new technology by AgLeader might just be the next best thing for you. Its nozzle-by-nozzle control allows you to maximize the effectiveness of your inputs with the right droplet size and coverage to give your crop what it needs, while minimizing wasted product and time.

> Video: Take a look at SteadySteer in action

> Report: Precision ag market to exceed US$ 20.36 Bn by 2032

> Field Trials podcast

> Free 30 day trial for AgFiniti

> One atom thick – The top four most promising uses of graphene in agriculture
The many extraordinary properties of this material give it an amazing range of potential applications to grow better crops. One to watch closely – that’s how we should describe graphene in terms of a material with huge potential to improve agriculture.

> Partner feature: Robotic solution for automating lettuce harvesting
Lettuce is a valuable crop in Europe and the USA. But labour shortages make it difficult to harvest this valuable field vegetable, as sourcing sufficient seasonal labour to meet harvesting commitments is one of the sector’s biggest challenges.

> Irrigation: Preserving the world’s most popular beverage with precision irrigation
Precision irrigation offers growers stability and control in the face of an increasingly unpredictable climate and can sustain coffee farmers for years to come.

> Harvesting drones: Tevel’s flying autonomous robots to start harvesting
Tevel’s FAR (Flying Autonomous Robots) system will start harvesting apricots in Italy from June this year. Tevel will start in June with pilots on apricots and then move on to harvesting peaches and nectarines.

> Harvesting: Krone GPS auto feature makes bale handling easier
The new GPS auto feature on the Krone BaleCollect bale accumulator makes bale handling easier and more convenient, by allowing bales to be deposited automatically at right angles along pre-set virtual lines.

> Crop scouting: Taranis deploys fleet of DJI drones for AI-powered crop scouting
AI-powered crop intelligence company Taranis has extended its partnership with DroneNerds and DJI in the United States. The collaboration is to leverage the latest drones technology, together with cutting edge AI-technology to drive more insightful data-driven decisions.

> Field Trials podcast – Need a cab? Part ll
Ian McDonald, crop innovations specialist for the provincial ministry of agriculture in Ontario, Canada, touches on the Agrobotics Working Group – a local initiative designed to bring farmers, agribusiness, researchers, and equipment developers together for practical brainstorming and trialing of autonomous technology.

See futurefarming.com


Heures de Jacques de Langeac - France du nord (Paris), 1465-1468, par Maître François (Lyon, BM)

03 - 19/05/2022  


John Deere closes in on fully autonomous farming with latest AI acquisition, The Next Web, by Tristan Greene

John Deere is announcing the acquisition of a state-of-the-art algorithm package from artificial intelligence startup Light.

For those of you wondering when driverless vehicles will truly begin to make their mark on society, the answer is: today.

Up front: No, you won’t be seeing green tractors rolling themselves down city streets anytime soon. But the timeline for fully autonomous farming is being massively accelerated. Today’s purchase is all about John Deere’s need for speed — and accuracy, but first let’s talk about rapid development.
…/…
See thenextweb.com


Heures de Jacques de Langeac - France du nord (Paris), 1465-1468, par Maître François (Lyon, BM)

04 - 19/05/2022  


2022 PrecisionAg Awards Of Excellence: Nominations Are Now Open

Nominate an outstanding individual for one of four PrecisionAg Awards of Excellence.
See precisionag.com


Bayer Expands FieldView Partner Platform Through New Capability with RCIS

Farmers gain convenience, accuracy, time savings with digital crop insurance reporting options.
See precisionag.com





Full Harvest Accelerates Expansion of B2B Produce Marketplace

The B2B marketplace announced key milestones as it successfully scales operations to help solve the $2.6T global food waste problem.
See precisionag.com


EverAg Acquires Partners for Production Agriculture to Accelerate Growth

EverAg customers in the livestock industry will have even more access to risk-mitigation expertise and technology.
See precisionag.com


Xarvio Announces New Weather Connectivity Options for Canadian Farmers

BASF Digital Farming is committed to providing farmers with convenient and timely access to precise agronomic information.
See precisionag.com


Heures de Jacques de Langeac - France du nord (Paris), 1465-1468, par Maître François (Lyon, BM)

05 - 19/05/2022  


F&A Next showcases 6 more startups disrupting everything from winegrowing to kitchen automation

> Terraview
Terraview is a software-as-a-service platform for the winegrowing industry.
Much like the hops-dependent beer industry (see Ekonoke, which we profiled yesterday), wine producers increasingly find themselves tackling the adverse effects of climate change. They now have to deal with more frequent frosts, hail, and wildfires, among other hazards.

> Innomy
Innomy makes meat alternatives by isolating and culturing fungi tissues. It does this through solid state fermentation, unlike most other mycoprotein companies, which produce the mycelium in liquid state bioreactors.
This gives Innomy’s product its unique quality: it has a naturally cellular structure, meaning no structuring additives or further modifications are needed.
What’s more is that the nutritional profile of Innomy’s product is enhanced by the fungal mycelium…

> Biorena
Germany’s Biorena is a grocery delivery startup that supplies city-dwellers with organic produce from countryside growers…

> NoPalm Ingredients
NoPalm Ingredients makes sustainable microbial oils that can be used in place of palm oil. It ferments agrifood sidestreams such as rejected vegetables and other biomass to produce its oils, thereby tackling wastage as well…

> Orbisk
The startup is stepping in to help kitchens solve their food wastage problem. Its tech, named Orbi, measures how much food and what kind is thrown away, at what time of the day…

> Eatch
Eatch has developed an automated kitchen model that produces high-quality, gourmet meals at restaurant scale. It’s a response to the need for healthy, tasty, and freshly cooked food in an era where consumers do not have the energy or time to cook at home…
…/…
See agfundernews.com


Too much wrong food

01 - 19/05/2022  


Maternal Mortality

02 - 19/05/2022  


These 2 agri-fintech startups want to help Europe’s farmers get cheaper finance, AFN, by Lucy Ngige, May 19, 2022

Farming is a cyclical activity. Crops are planted, grown, and eventually harvested. In the interim, a farmer will typically only see money leave his farm as he waits for a hopeful windfall of cash after harvest. Some farmers even have to wait several weeks after harvest to get paid. Managing that cashflow must be stressful but can also be damaging to the business if you cannot purchase the products you need — think fertilizers and pesticides, but also increasingly tech tools and so — to manage the growing season.

The industry’s cyclicality means that farmers, more often than not, use some sort of financing or debt to tide them over those cash-barren months. While some markets have more developed agricultural finance options than others, most commentators would agree that more sophisticated systems are needed, and entrepreneurs are slowly but surely turning up to create them.
.../...
See agfundernews.com


Dollar vs Pound complicated relationship

03 - 19/05/2022  


SAS solutions have a bright future

04 - 19/05/2022  


Food inflation 101: What agrifoodtech players need to know about the crisis, AFN, by Jack Ellis

This week, UN Secretary General António Guterres warned of a “global food shortage” that “threatens to tip tens of millions of people over the edge into food insecurity followed by malnutrition, mass hunger, and famine.” Andrew Bailey, Governor of the Bank of England, described skyrocketing food inflation as potentially “apocalyptic.”

Across the board, the prices of key agricultural commodities — from grains to oilseeds, to meat, dairy, and sugar — are rising at breakneck speed. In fact, global ag commodity prices hit an all-time high in March this year, according to the UN Food & Agriculture Organization‘s Food Price Index. While the Index dropped slightly by 0.8% in April, it was still up an eye-watering 30% year-on-year.

“We just don’t have a lot of the basic goods and commodities stored up across the world, so it doesn’t take much of a shock to send prices moving upwards,” says Emma Weston, co-founder and CEO at online grain management platform AgriDigital.

“And if you think of all the various shocks we’ve had lately — climate, war, Covid-19 — we definitely are in the eye of the storm at the moment,” she tells AFN.
See agfundernews.com


Heures de Jacques de Langeac - France du nord (Paris), 1465-1468, par Maître François (Lyon, BM)

06 - 19/05/2022  


US & Europe race to improve food supply chains after India bans wheat exports, by CNBC

- Ukraine has been unable to export grains, fertilizers and vegetable oil, while the conflict is also destroying crop fields and preventing a normal planting season.
- Some nations have imposed restrictions on exports.
- This is the case in India, for example, which announced Saturday a ban on wheat sales “to manage the overall food security of the country.”
See cnbc.com


Heures de Jacques de Langeac - France du nord (Paris), 1465-1468, par Maître François (Lyon, BM)

07 - 19/05/2022  


Apply for Glocal’s 2022 program & join the Latin American agrifoodtech revolution Apply now! AFN Sponsored Post

Over the last few years we have witnessed the explosive growth of the innovation landscape in Latin America; as well as the region’s potential for providing real solutions for the world’s agrifood industry. Investors have become increasingly interested in the significant opportunities this region poses.

At Glocal, a leading agrifoodtech acceleration and investment fund, and pioneer in sustainable investing in Latin America, we are very much aware of this.

>>> The vision
We understand the importance of addressing the challenges that the ag and food industry faces by driving the development of startups — and innovation in companies and organizations — that can improve world’s nutrition through sustainable production systems.

Most investors understand that focusing on creating cutting-edge solutions that generate positive social, economic, and environmental impact is a must nowadays – and not just a nice-to-have.

>>> Become the next Game Changer
We have just launched the Glocal Game Changers LatAm Series 2022. More than 400 startups applied to last year’s edition, and we have high hopes that this year will be better than ever.
…/…
See agfundernews.com


The yuan, still limited

05 - 19/05/2022  


Inflation in UK remainig high for a while ?

06 - 19/05/2022  


Connecting African smallholders with agronomic services, Climate Edge scores seed funding, AFN, by Lucy Ngige, May 18, 2022

Climate Edge, a UK-based startup that’s providing communication solutions for farmers and their suppliers in developing countries, has closed a $500,000 seed round. The funding came from US-based Regenerate Ventures.

Access to the right information for smallholder farmers has always been a problem; what Climate Edge co-founders James Alden and Paul Baranowski realized was that the solutions to this problem already existed in the market.

In the UK, farmers have agronomists dedicated to their farms, who do weekly visits to monitor and provide information that help the farmers with key decision-making.

In smallholder agriculture in East Africa — Climate Edge’s focus region — the opposite is the case.

In Kenya, for instance, the ratio of agronomists to farmers is 1:1000, according to the National Agricultural Sector Extension Policy. This far exceeds the UN Food & Agriculture Organization‘s recommendation of 1:400. With such numbers, many farmers are simply not able to get crucial alerts on things like vendor events, pest outbreaks, or changes in market prices.

“Aggregated advice would be made generic in order to actually deliver it to that wide number of farmers. And that was [where we saw this] big gap in information transfer,” says Alden.
…/…
See agfundernews.com


Heures de Jacques de Langeac - France du nord (Paris), 1465-1468, par Maître François (Lyon, BM)

08 - 19/05/2022  


DIGITALFOODLAB Annual webinar on the state of the European FoodTech

This webinar has been the opportunity to answer many questions and to think about the future of the ecosystem. Indeed, the context has dramatically changed since the start of the year.

First, the negative side:

>> We observe a diminution in the amounts invested globally in FoodTech startups. It is not that fewer deals are made; it is mostly that large deals (€100M+) are less frequent. There is somehow a flight to quality (i.e., the startups that have a strong path to profitability or have the ability to “sell a huge vision”). Basically, investors still have their pockets full of cash, but as they feel that it will be harder to replenish them (due to the financial tightening underway), they are less keen to make bold bets and focus on their portfolios. So if you have already deep-pocketed investors on board, everything is ok. If not, you better be a startup with a strong model.

>> Doubts are rising in some categories of the ecosystem (notably plant-based foods and quick-commerce).

However, we are overall positive with more reasons to see the glass as half full than half empty:

>> The situation that I just described doesn’t affect yet (let’s cross fingers) early-stage deals (startups that are emerging and raising little amounts of money to prove their technology or model). Hence, the “future” is preserved as more and more deals are made in all the categories of the ecosystem (notably in startups betting on bold solutions).

>> The appetite for FoodTech is still growing (the number of readers of this newsletter and participants in our webinars is a basic but efficient proof of that).

>> We have even more reasons for optimism in Europe. The appetite from investors and food corporations for European startups is stronger than ever (notably from Asian companies, something quite new). Even more, well-known bottlenecks (such as the limited number of spinoffs coming out of European universities) are easing.

In a word, we believe in a scenario of a “soft landing” for the FoodTech ecosystem in 2022 in which we would see a diminution of the total amounts invested but still a high level of engagement from investors and agrifood corporations. This means that all things being equal, the speed of transformation of the food value chain will be preserved and even increased. There was never such a good time to be an ag/food/retail entrepreneur or to be a beacon of change inside an established food corporation!



Yemi Osinbajo on the hypocrisy of rich countries’ climate policies

Nigeria’s vice-president says they cannot demand more stringent actions than they will commit to themselves.
.../...
Voir economist.com


Gazette de vitisphere.com,
portail vitivinicole

 


How family farmers are working to get federal support for regenerative agriculture, Fast Company

Every five years, Congress’s $1 trillion Farm Bill funds the agricultural industry. A coalition of farmers and companies are campaigning to get the bill to support regenerative farming—and prioritize family farmers over large-scale agribusiness.
…/…
The coalition has also recently started talking to policymakers, including USDA Secretary Tom Vilsack and House Agriculture Committee Chairman David Scott. In the next 18 months leading up to the bill’s passage, the campaign will be zooming into key districts, getting local constituents’ support. They’ll be holding farm tours, inviting politicians onto the farms to learn in detail how everything works—not just to “take a quick gander and make a stump speech and get on,” Makepeace says, as is the norm during election cycles. Farm tours have so far been the “aha” moment for a lot of lawmakers, he adds. In August 2021, Kiss the Ground organized a tour for Rep. Randy Feenstra of Iowa to the farm of Howard Vlieger, an Iowan third-generation regenerative family farmer, led by soil scientist Ray Archuleta. Makepeace says the Republican representative learned the importance of soil cover, and was admittedly impressed.

To their pleasant surprise, the campaign has been a bipartisan effort. Members of the coalition, from academics to ranchers, are politically diverse, but working together. “People are pushing some hard agendas, but we’re not having any of this weird gossip or finger-pointing,” Makepeace says. Applegate’s Asoudegan says that “regenerative agriculture is not polarizing” to some of the conservative Midwestern farmers the company works with. “Who can’t get behind birds, and soil, and clean air, and clear water?”

Even Swanson himself, who is Black, expected pushback during his training tours, in places like deep-white southern Georgia. “No one cares,” he says. “If you can improve my profit, and you can improve my granddaddy’s lamb, let’s hear about it. Let’s do it.”
See fastcompany.com


 
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New study busts GMO myths, by Joseph Maina, April 14, 2022

Despite their proven success in improving the world’s food systems, genetically modified (GM) crops have attracted myths and untruths that continue to blur public perceptions of the technology, a new study finds.

“GMOs are surrounded by plenty of controversies. Since the first GM products were commercially released, the debate about the real versus perceived risks of using GMOs has been under way,” states a new peer-reviewed study published in Applied Sciences. The authors, who serve on the faculties of two universities in Spain, offer a risk–benefit analysis based on scientific evidence and debunk myths that interest groups have spread.
.../...
Some of the benefits from GM crops that will be leveraged in this regard include their ability to produce bigger crop yields without having to extend cultivated areas, reduced fertilizer use and lower greenhouse gas emissions.

The authors note that eliminating GM crops from cultivation would sharply increase the global cultivation area at the expense of rainforests, which would increase greenhouse gas emissions and consequently intensify climate change.

Research is also under way to create plants with desirable traits, such as delayed maturation, bio-fortified vegetables, healthier plants and edible vaccines. GM foods, state the authors, are not only useful to avoid nutritional deficiencies in future generations but to adapt to climate change.

“Sadly, the general public has been largely ignoring these dynamics, which calls for greater public sensitization.”
See allianceforscience.cornell.edu


Heures de Jacques de Langeac - France du nord (Paris), 1465-1468, par Maître François (Lyon, BM)

09 - 19/05/2022  


Will climate change increase the risk of aflatoxin in U.S. corn? May 05, 2022

As climate change continues to alter weather patterns around the planet including the Midwest, researchers at Michigan State University are modeling the impact on crops such as corn.

“The United States is the largest exporter and donor of field corn around the world,” said Felicia Wu, a John A. Hannah Distinguished Professor and an international expert on food safety in the Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition and the Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics in the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources at MSU. “Here in the U.S., we consume field corn in the form of corn chips, corn flakes, corn grits and corn tortillas; as opposed to sweet corn, which is frozen, canned and eaten off the cob. Field corn is also used for animal feed and for ethanol production.”
.../...
Researchers are already using both biotechnological and conventional breeding techniques to develop hybrid crops that can withstand drought, insect damage, and fungal infections. In many parts of the world, corn growers are using biocontrol to reduce aflatoxin. Biocontrol infects plants with Aspergillus fungi which is unable to produce aflatoxin because this these fungi competitively exclude the fungi that produce aflatoxin.

Another possibility shifts crop production further north or further south geographically where the climate is cooler or wetter to reduce aflatoxin risk. That, however, impacts farms that have been passed down for generations.

“We predict seeing an increase in aflatoxin problems over the next 10-20 years,” Wu said. “So, we need to rely on technologies and a whole suite of interventions that can reduce the problem.”
See agdaily.com


The pound before - after Brexit

07 - 19/05/2022  

Inflation of basic products prices in UK

08 - 19/05/2022  


Since 1980, the time price of gasoline has fallen 4 percent…

However, the most popular car in the U.S. today gets 55 percent more miles per gallon than the top-selling car in 1980.

That means you can drive 62 percent farther for your time today than in 1980.
See humanprogress.org


John Snow, a 19th-century English physician.

Snow was the first person to use maps and data records to track the spread of a disease back to its source, providing the foundation for modern epidemiology.
See video
See paper


London and UK Real Estate Market

09 - 19/05/2022  

Cryptos all in the same boat

10 - 19/05/2022  


To Hobble Putin, Accelerate the Brain Drain

A proposal that would help Russian scientists and tech professionals to emigrate serves to undermine the Kremlin while benefiting the U.S. and its allies.
See bloomberg.com


I look at my government differently’: losses in Ukraine test Russians’ faith, by Andrew Roth and Pjotr Sauer, 17 May 2022

Information about the war’s damage is leaking out, angering soldiers’ families and even discouraging the invasion’s backers.

A photograph provided by Ukrainian armed forces showing destroyed or damaged Russian armoured vehicles on the banks of the Donets River. Photograph: AP
See theguardian.com/



US Stock markets still high

11 - 19/05/2022  

Expensive food

12 - 19/05/2022  


Average wages

Average wages are obtained by dividing the national-accounts-based total wage bill by the average number of employees in the total economy, which is then multiplied by the ratio of the average usual weekly hours per full-time employee to the average usually weekly hours for all employees.

This indicator is measured in USD constant prices using 2016 base year and Purchasing Power Parities (PPPs) for private consumption of the same year.

See data.oecd.org  


To be related to the number of working hours per year

See data.oecd.org  


Heures de Jacques de Langeac - France du nord (Paris), 1465-1468, par Maître François (Lyon, BM)

10 - 19/05/2022  


Old Rabbi Cohen retires to a nursing home

And a new young rabbi is employed by the community.

On his first Shabbat in his new post, they are about to start reading from the Torah when a huge, heated argument breaks out over whether you should stand or sit during the reading of the Ten Commandments.

The following day, the traumatized young rabbi goes to visit his predecessor and asks him, “Rabbi Cohen, I need your advice. What is the custom of our community when we read the Ten Commandments?”

Rabbi Cohen replies, “Why do you ask?”

“Well, because yesterday we read the Torah portion containing that important section, and half of the community sat, while half of the community stood, and the ones who were sitting were yelling and screaming at the ones who were standing and the ones who were standing were yelling and screaming at the ones sitting!”

“Ah,” replied Rabbi Cohen, “Now that’s our custom.”


 


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Please, contribute to the content of your efita newsletter, and advertise your events, new publications, new products and new project in this newsletter. Without your support, it will not survive!
Contact: Guy WAKSMAN
E-mail: guy.waksman(a)laposte.net


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